CAMERA BASICS ONE SHOULD KNOW

The camera is one of the most interesting and important feature of smartphone.
When we see the specs of smartphone there is description about the aperture of the camera lens or about the focal length&Mega-pixel etc. So what did these terms means.It is very necessary to know about them as then only you will able to know more about the camera module attached to your smartphone


(A)  Focal length:

In technical terms, this is the distance between lens optical center and the image sensor when focused at infinity; optical center being the point where rays emerging from the object (usually of different point of origins) intersect each other. Focal lengths of any photographic system determines the angle of view; A short focal length gives a wider view and vice versa. Lenses use different focal lengths to shoot an object in order to get different perspective, these are generally specified in millimeters, if not this then cm and inches are other common units used.

(B)Maximum Aperture :

A photographic lens is a congregation of lenses or a solo optical lens that is used in synchronicity with a camera body and its mechanism, to chemically or electronically create images of objects on a literal photographic film or other media capable of storing an image. Camera lenses are in use in all sorts of devices such as telescope, still camera, microscope, video camera etc- what is to understand is that there is no major distinction in principle used in each of these lenses, it is the detailed design and construction of each that accounts for their variance.


There are two basic terminologies always used in relation to optical lenses:
In Optics, aperture is a tiny whole through which lights travels, size of whose would determine how collimated or uncollimated the admitted rays are. Some refer to it as the lens ratio, call it whatever it is basically the feature that controls how much amount of light is reaching the film or the image sensor. Focal Ratio or f-number, on the other hand specifies the maximum usable aperture of a lens; the lower its magnitude the higher is the intensity at the focal plane. This why a maximum aperture is mostly preferred; varying from lens to lens one can view this information either at the edge on the end of lens barrel or on the front of the lens inside the filter ring area, or both.

Types of Camera Lens:

1. Standard/ Normal Lens
These lens have a fixed local length of stay for example 50mm, 85mm, 100mm etc almost imitating the object exactly into the clicked photos in terms of angle of view or perspective.

2. Wide Angle Lens
These have a shorter focal length as compared to the normal ones with an angle of view wider than 60 degree. Such lenses are considered ideal to shoot outdoor landscapes & group portraits.

3. Long Focus Lens
Also known as telephoto lenses, these are the ones which have focus length longer than the diagonal measure of the film or sensor with narrower length.  Designed to obtain a strong resolving power they are best suited to capture wildlife, sports, documentary types of photography, enabling one to shoot the subject from considerable distances.